11 results
Tuberculosis Overview

10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year
Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
Droplets that contain bacilli ... affecting the lungs ... Active TB: • ... TB - Only latent ... Active TB: •
Tuberculosis Overview

10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year
Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
Droplets that contain bacilli ... affecting the lungs ... Active TB: • ... TB - Only latent ... Active TB: •
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
Typically from TB ... patients with TB ... extrapulmonary cases ... signs/symptoms of active ... - Spread of bacilli
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
• Most common cause ... level seen • Chest ... Clindamycin in case ... westermani • Other: TB ... #differential #causes
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Lung Infections ... Legionella: • Nausea ... factor • May cause ... infiltrates, mimicking TB ... reported in 100% of cases
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
Chronic inflammation causes ... Most Common Causes ... • Infection: TB ... in the adjacent lung ... of the affected lung
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infections 

Mycobacterial species other than those belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and
status NTM Cause ... infections Lungs ... to NTM: Chronic lung ... Kansasii: • Mimics TB ... • Dyspnea, • Chest
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
countries (11-24 cases ... increased B-cell activity ... granulomas within the lungs ... symptoms are not caused ... dyspnea, cough, chest
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Uncommon Causes ... blood cells in the lung ... hemorrhage, and seizure activity ... infiltrates on chest ... scattered crackles, chest
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome - Overview of IRIS

What Is IRIS?
	• A state of hyperinflammatory response that
(<100), except TB ... TB - Lymphadenitis ... unintentional weight loss, nausea ... • Leprosy • Bacillus ... • Persistently active