25 results
Plasmacytomas and Plasma-Cell Leukemia - Physical examination revealed multiple exophytic subcutaneous lesions involving the arms and
peripheral-blood smear ... revealed 25% plasma cells ... PlasmaCell #Leukemia #Smear ... #NEJM
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis
Hypochromia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS)
Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Sickled red
Peripheral Blood Smear ... anemia Sickled red cells ... disease Bite cells ... Alcohol abuse, Heavy metal ... Peripheral #Blood #Smear
Prolymphocytes

In our case, the patient has T-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) not Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).  🔬Tumor
🔬Tumor cells are ... 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐜𝐲𝐭𝐞𝐬: small to medium ... size lymphoid cells ... Prolymphocytes #Smear
Nephron Remodeling as a Mechanism of Diuretic Resistance. When high doses of loop diuretics are used
convoluted tubule cells ... , principal cells ... and intercalated cells ... #Pathophysiology ... NephronRemodeling #NEJM
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
Chronic Otitis Media ... the mastoid air cells ... Inferior through medial ... under SCM • Medially ... #Mastoiditis #pathophysiology
Spur-Cell Anemia- A 31-year-old man with a history of cirrhosis, recurrent hepatic encephalopathy, and anemia presented
peripheral-blood smear ... acanthocytes (or spur cells ... Spur cells acquire ... #NEJM #clinical ... peripheral #blood #smear
Leishmaniasis Life Cycle
1) Sandfly takes a blood meal (injects promastigote stage into the skin)
Human Stages:
2) Promastigotes
takes a blood meal ... mononuclear phagocytic cells ... and infect other cells ... takes a blood meal ... LifeCycle #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Cellular and humoral immune responses of the adaptive immune system. Activated T cells accomplish cellular immune
Activated T cells ... responses, and B cells ... and antibodies mediate ... to cytotoxic T cells ... ImmuneResponses #immunology #pathophysiology
Hypersensitivity Types and Their Mechanisms
Type I - lgE - Soluble antigen
 - Allergen-specific lgE antibodies bind
IgG can also mediate ... with cytotoxic T cells ... natural killer cells ... antigen - TH1 cells ... Classification #Pathophysiology
Mechanisms of Loop Diuretic Action and Resistance. Panel A, loop diuretics circulate bound to protein. As
each step can mediate ... #Pathophysiology ... MechanismOfAction #Resistance #NEJM