12 results
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
EKG Findings Causes ... #EKG #ECG #Electrocardiogram ... #Differential # ... Causes #Diagnosis ... #Cardiology
Osborn (J Wave)

Etiology 
• Hypothermia (below 320C / SOOF) 
• Normal variant 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Neurological
Normal variant • Hypercalcemia ... No prognostic value ... JWave #Diagnosis #Differential ... #Cardiology #EKG ... #ECG #Hypothermia
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
previously stable values ... risk factors (eg ... hypertension (eg ... hypertension (eg ... #Differential #
Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVC's) - Summary Framework

Why PVCs?  Can be the first manifestation of cardiac
arrhythmia syndromes (e.g ... Hypomagnesemia • Hypokalemia ... 300 = NSVT EKG ... may not occur Differential ... #cardiology
Bradycardia - Differential Diagnosis 
 • Cardiac disease: Myocardial ischemia / infarction, Myocarditis, Congenital disorders, Cardiomyopathies,
Bradycardia - Differential ... . hyperkalemia) ... Physiological causes ... (e.g. athletes, ... #Diagnosis #cardiology
Cardiac Arrest - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

The probable cause is one or more of: something
breathing system valves ... reservoir bag and APL valve ... • Check ECG rhythm ... Hypovolaemia Hypo/hyperkalaemia ... CardiacArrest #Checklist #Differential
Causes of ST Segment Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Framework

STEMI:
 • Upsloping convex STE: "Pardee's sign" +
Causes of ST Segment ... Elevation - Differential ... Disorders: • Hyperkalemia ... voltage Other Causes ... #ecg #ekg #electrocardiogram
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
• Prosthetic valve ... Septic Emboli Cause ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... -> TEE • Duke Criteria ... ↑ ESR, CRP • EKG
Intraoperative  Bradycardia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Bradycardia in theatre should not be treated as
system including valves ... reservoir bag and APL valve ... Consider known drug causes ... (eg. remifentanil ... myocardial infarction, hyperkalaemia
Palpitations - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
• It is an unpleasant awareness or sensation that the heart is
Palpitations - Differential ... exam • 12-lead ECG ... failure • Mitral valve ... Valvular disease (e.g ... #Differential #