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Antiarrhythmic Medications - Vaughan Williams Classification - Summary Table
Class I agents - Sodium Channel Blockers⠀
Class II
- Summary Table ... are beta blockers ... - Potassium Channel ... Blockers Class ... #Summary #Table
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Vaughan Williams Classification ... 2 - Beta Blockers ... 3 - Potassium Channel ... alpha & beta adrenergic ... #Pharmacology #Classification
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary ... Vaughan Williams Classification ... 2 - Beta Blockers ... 3 - Potassium Channel ... alpha & beta adrenergic
Summary of Heart Blocks
1st Degree Heart Block:
 • Prolonged PR >200ms (5 small squares).
 • Narrow
Summary of Heart ... before dropped beat ... #HeartBlocks #Types ... #Classification ... #degrees #summary
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
obstruction _ pHA type ... I, type II - ... diseases _ pHA type ... - NSAlDs - Beta-Blockers ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Recent IV potassium ... • Beta blockers ... cell membrane - Beta ... Failure • SLE • Type ... #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Recent IV potassium ... • Beta blockers ... cell membrane - Beta ... Failure • SLE • Type ... #potassium #high
Pheochromocytoma - Diagnosis and Management Summary
10 percent rule = 10% of pheochromocytomas are extra-adrenal, multiple, bilateral,
and Management Summary ... • Classic triad ... and panic attack-type ... Starting beta blockers ... • Beta blockers
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Beta-Adrenergic ... Pseudohypoaldosteronism type ... pseudohypoaldosteronism type ... Diagnosis #High #Potassium ... #Classification
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... - Medications: beta ... blockers, digitalis ... Hypoaldosteronism: type ... #potassium #high