21 results
Systolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign / Flow / Hyperdynamic:
 • Pregnancy
 • Fever
 • Anemia
Supravalvular
Aortic Stenosis (rings ... Aortic Stenosis (rings ... Rheumatic Heart Disease ... Fever • Marfan's Disease ... • Infarct • Rupture
Bandemia Overview

Normal: < 1%
Clinically significant: > 10%

Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
• Autoimmune diseases ... having positive cultures ... including blood cultures ... sensitivity of 67% for culture ... CBC #hematology #pathophysiology
Tuberculosis Testing

LATENT TB
• LTBI is diagnosed when an asymptomatic patient has a positive TST or IGRA
intermediate risk of disease ... TB AFB smear microscopy ... Mycobacterial culture ... Liquid and solid cultures ... Mycobacterial culture
Hypersensitivity Types and Their Mechanisms
Type I - lgE - Soluble antigen
 - Allergen-specific lgE antibodies bind
specific allergen binds ... or IgM antibody binds ... during hemolytic disease ... Classification #Pathophysiology
Important Fungal Stains
Mycology Lab:
 • Calcofluor white - Fluorochrome that binds glucans and chitin in fungal
Fluorochrome that binds ... preparation from culture ... #microbiology #microscopy
Alternaria on Culture Plate and Microscopy
Adult w/ aplastic anemia, getting regular blood product infusions. Had Group
Alternaria on Culture ... Plate and Microscopy ... had blood fungal cultures ... cause invasive disease ... #Microscopy #clinical
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
Pott's Disease in ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... of AFB by smear microscopy ... CMC_IM #Potts #Disease
Acute limb ischemia (ALI)

Rapid decrease in lower limb blood flow due to acute occlusion of peripheral
atherosclerotic disease ... thromboembolic disease ... cystic adventitial disease ... pathophysiology: ... became patrons of future
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
• Periodontal disease ... dentition/gingival disease ... Lung Abscess Pathophysiology ... loss • Late disease ... • Sputum/Blood cultures
Rheumatology Workup - Laboratories Studies in Rheumatic Diseases

• Septic arthritis - Gram stain and culture of
Studies in Rheumatic Diseases ... Gram stain and culture ... polarized light microscopy ... Polyarthritis: • Blood cultures ... #Rheumatic #Disease