11 results
Cyanide Toxicity 
Treatment:
1) Hydroxocobalamin + Cyanide = Cyanocobalamin (nontoxic) 
   or 
2) Amyl nitrite
Methemoglobin binds ... Toxicity #Toxicology #Pathophysiology ... #Management #Treatment
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
Pathophysiology: ... • UA and Urine cultures ... also important Management ... may narrow per culture ... Cystitis #diagnosis #management
Important Fungal Stains
Mycology Lab:
 • Calcofluor white - Fluorochrome that binds glucans and chitin in fungal
Fluorochrome that binds ... preparation from culture ... #microbiology #microscopy
Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA) 

Pathophysiology of MALA
 - Metformin interferes with the activity of the
Acidosis (MALA) Pathophysiology ... /mL, metformin binds ... Toxicology #Diagnosis #Management
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
Diagnosis and Management ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... of AFB by smear microscopy ... Management: ... TB #Diagnosis #Management
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

Presentation: 
 • Plts ↓50% (nadir
Diagnosis and Management ... ♀, ↑Age, ESRD Pathophysiology ... : • IgG binds ... Management: • ... diagnosis and management
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
Diagnosis and Management ... Lung Abscess Pathophysiology ... • Sputum/Blood cultures ... Lung Abscess Management ... differential #causes #management
Tuberculosis Overview

10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year
Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
tuberculosis (LTBI) Pathophysiology ... NAA (PCR) and Culture ... TB #Diagnosis #Management
Tuberculosis Overview

10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year
Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
tuberculosis (LTBI) Pathophysiology ... NAA (PCR) and Culture ... TB #Diagnosis #Management
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
• Confirmed by culture ... Aspergillosis Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis: • Culture ... positive blood cultures ... Fungal #Diagnosis #Management