21 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
↓Phosphate • Secondary ... signs, Fragile bones ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #PTH #Primary #Secondary ... #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Pathophysiology ... meningococcal, H1N1) Clinical ... complete paralysis of all ... Clinical Features ... management #treatment #neurology
Abnormal liver function tests algorithm.
 This figure details the initial response to abnormal liver blood tests.
evaluation of the clinical ... /or suspicious clinical ... urgent referral to secondary ... or referral to secondary ... ALP, alkaline phosphatase
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Phosphatase Of Clinical ... • softening of bones ... pain • loss of secondary ... is critical for ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... Secondary hyperthyroidism ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Tongue Fasciculations Secondary to Hypoglossal Nerve Damage

Most commonly associated with ALS - This LMN XII was
Fasciculations Secondary ... associated with ALS ... #PhysicalExam #Clinical ... #CNXII #CN12 #Neurology
Causes of Neuromuscular Weakness
 • Spinal Cord: Demyelinating Disease (MS), Epidural abscess, Infarction, Syringomyelia, Tetanus, Transverse
Motor Nerves: ALS ... Poliomyelitis, Guillain-Barre ... heavy metals), Critical ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Erythematosus (SLE) Clinical ... Disease, PRES Pathophysiology ... anticoagulants (for secondary ... APS), Secondary ... Erythematosus #SLE #CNS #neurology
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Pathogenesis and clinical ... gene mutated in all ... Pseudo-hypopyon • Secondary ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
Acute autoimmune demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: 1
Guillain-Barré Syndrome ... transplantation CLINICAL ... complete paralysis of all ... the underlying pathophysiology ... specific therapy, the clinician