57 results
Diagnosis of ascites according to the serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)
SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 - Ascitic protein
Cirrhosis, Late Budd-Chiari ... syndrome, Massive ... pericarditis, Early Budd-Chiari ... syndrome, IVC obstruction ... leak, Nephrotic syndrome
Examples of varying granular and granular/waxy mixed casts: 
A: coarse granular/broad-waxy (and surrounding white blood cells);
Examples of varying granular ... and granular/waxy ... /muddy brown granular ... , C and D: muddy ... brown granular/
Ascites Differential Diagnosis Table - Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG)

SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 • Cirrhosis
 • Portal
Ascites Differential ... Table - Serum Ascites ... thrombosis • Late budd-chiari ... obstruction • Early budd-chiari ... • Nephrotic syndrome
Muddy Brown Granular Casts three ways - Brightfield, Darkfield, Phase Contrast.

Dr. Vipin Varghese @vipvargh

#Muddy #Brown #Granular
Muddy Brown Granular ... Varghese @vipvargh #Muddy ... #Brown #Granular
Granular & “Muddy Brown” Casts on Urine Microscopy
A. Finely granular cast B. slightly coarser granular cast
Granular & “Muddy ... Finely granular ... slightly coarser granular ... coarse (c) and muddy ... brown (mb) granular
Causes of Ascites - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Portal Hypertension - Prehepatic:
 • Portal vein thrombosis
 • Splenic
Causes of Ascites ... pericarditis • Budd-Chiari ... syndrome • Inferior ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... amzn.to/2LmUODZ #Ascites
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
concentrated urine Granular ... cellular casts "Muddy-brown ... " heme-granular ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Gastrointestinal Manifestations
 - Thrombosis of vessels in the pancreas, Vasculitis -> Acute Pancreatitis
Liver Enzymes - Budd ... Chiari Syndrome ... Enteropathy -> Ascites
Causes of Ascites
Normal Peritoneum
Portal hypertension (SAAG > 1.1 g/dL)
  1. Hepatic congestionl
Causes of Ascites ... insufficiency - Budd-Chiari ... syndrome ... - Nephrotic syndrome ... - Bile ascites
Suggested diagnostic approach to a patient with exudative ascites. Low ascitic fluid protein should direct practitioners
with exudative ascites ... Low ascitic fluid ... out nephrotic syndrome ... for exudative ascites ... obstruction, nephrotic syndrome