Causes of Ascites
Normal Peritoneum
Portal hypertension (SAAG > 1.1 g/dL)
1. Hepatic congestionl
- Heart failure
- Constrictive pericarditis
- Tricuspid insufficiency
- Budd-Chiari syndrome
- Veno-occlusive disease
2. Liver disease
- Cirrhosis
- Alcoholic hepatitis
- Fulminant hepatic failure
- Massive hepatic metastases
- Hepatic fibrosis
- Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
3. Portal vein occlusion
Hypoalbuminemia (SAAG < 1.1 g/dL)
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Protein-losing enteropathy
- Severe malnutrition with anasarca
Miscellaneous conditions (SAAG < 1.1 g/dL)
- Chylous ascites
- Pancreatic ascites
- Bile ascites
- Nephrogenic ascites
- Urine ascites
- Myxedema (SAAG 2 1.1 g/dL)
- Ovarian disease
Diseased Peritoneum (SAAG < 1.1 g/dL)
Infections
- Bacterial peritonitis
- Tuberculous peritonitis
- Fungal peritonitis
- HIV-associated peritonitis
Malignant conditions
- Peritoneal carcinomatosis
- Primary mesothelioma
- Pseudomyxoma peritonei
- Massive hepatic metastases
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
Other conditions
- Familial Mediterranean fever
- Vasculitis
- Granulomatous peritonitis
- Eosinophilic peritonitis
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