45 results
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
Findings Causes ... Milk-alkali syndrome • Vitamin ... Hypercalcemia #EKG ... #Differential #Causes ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
maintained fever CAUSES ... Sepsis (→ 3-14) e.g ... amphetamines) Toxic: • Radiologic ... #Differential #Causes ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia
Hypotension - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Hypotension is commonly due to unnecessarily deep anaesthesia, the autonomic
hypovolaemia or combined causes ... rate, rhythm, perfusion ... and positioning (e.g ... (eg steroid dependency ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia
Cardiac Tamponade - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Caused by an accumulation of blood, pus, effusion fluid
in Anaesthesia ... of blood, pus, effusion ... , e.g. central line ... pericardiocentesis kit (eg ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia
Local Anaesthetic Toxicity - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Signs of severe toxicity:
 • Sudden alteration in
Guidelines for Crises ... anaesthetic (remember infusion ... cardiopulmonary bypass ... Guidelines for crises ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia
Intraoperative Anaphylaxis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
• Unexplained hypotension
• Unexplained bronchospasm (wheeze may be absent
arrest where other causes ... chlorhexidine as cause ... as a possible cause ... alternate vasopressor (e.g ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia
Increased Airway Pressure - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Using these steps from start to end should
should identify any cause ... surgery related cause ... rate, rhythm, perfusion ... blood gas, 12-lead ECG ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
Guidelines for Crises ... CM5 continuous ECG ... Obtain a 12-lead ECG ... consultation with cardiology ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia
Intraoperative  Bradycardia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Bradycardia in theatre should not be treated as
rate, rhythm, perfusion ... Consider known drug causes ... (eg. remifentanil ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia ... Management #Workup #Cardiology
Hemorrhagic Pericardial Effusions (Hemopericardium)- Differential Diagnosis Framework

IATROGENIC DISEASE
Secondary to invasive cardiac procedures

NONIATROGENIC
• Malignancy (e.g., metastatic spread:
Hemorrhagic Pericardial Effusions ... • Malignancy (e.g ... OTHER RARE CAUSES ... #Pericardial #Effusion ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology