47 results
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
Hypercalcemia - EKG ... Findings Causes ... Milk-alkali syndrome • Vitamin ... #Differential #Causes ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
Treatment depends ... maintained fever CAUSES ... amphetamines) Toxic: • Radiologic ... #Differential #Causes ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia
Cardiac Tamponade - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Caused by an accumulation of blood, pus, effusion fluid
, e.g. central line ... thoracotomy is a better treatment ... of underlying cause ... small volume may cause ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia
Intraoperative Anaphylaxis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
• Unexplained hypotension
• Unexplained bronchospasm (wheeze may be absent
trolley, anaphylaxis treatment ... as a possible cause ... require prolonged treatment ... alternate vasopressor (e.g ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
Guidelines for Crises ... breathlessness, dizziness, nausea ... consultation with cardiology ... Guidelines for crises ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused ... Hypo-Mg2+ • Vitamin ... • Pellagra • Vitamin ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
Heart Failure - Pathophysiology ... - Congenital (e.g ... HeartFailure #CHF #Pathophysiology ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... functional ID) Treatment ... endpoint of all-cause ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Intraoperative  Bradycardia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Bradycardia in theatre should not be treated as
Guidelines for Crises ... remember to tailor treatment ... Consider known drug causes ... (eg. remifentanil ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia
Pericarditis can be seen on EKG with diffuse ST elevations without reciprocal changes along with diffuse
can be seen on EKG ... First line treatment ... in refractory cases ... #Pericarditis #Cardiology