17 results
Ascites - Diagnostic Approach and Differential Diagnosis
The most common causes: cirrhosis, malignancy and heart failure. Approx
The most common causes ... more than one cause ... (e.g. cirrhosis ... dullness, puddle sign ... incisional). 3) Signs
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
is unconscious, signs ... is conscious, symptoms ... 12-lead ECG machine ... CM5 continuous ECG ... Obtain a 12-lead ECG
Intraoperative Circulatory Embolus - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Causes: thrombus, fat, amniotic fluid, air/gas.
Signs: hypotension, tachycardia,
Causes: thrombus ... Signs: hypotension ... decreased ETCO2 Symptoms ... Consider thrombolysis e.g ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... unless worrisome EKG ... diagnosis #management #hematology
Bullous Pemphigoid - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Pathophysiology: Autoantibody-mediated damage to epithelial basement membrane -> separation of
Management Summary Pathophysiology ... dermis Clinical Signs ... /Symptoms/Exam findings ... crusts at sites ... Diagnosis #Management #dermatology
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
involvement: Intractable nausea ... brainstem syndromes (e.g ... AQP4-lgG disease; e.g ... diagnosis #neurology #symptoms ... #signs
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... are not caused ... of diagnosis (e.g ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs ... #Symptoms
X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
The epidemiology of this disease is 1/340,000 births and roughly double
Signs of immunodeficiency ... to produce all classes ... /Symptoms/Findings ... bacterial infections (e.g ... Agammaglobulinemia #XLinked #pathophysiology
Giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) definition: Most common systemic inflammatory vasculitis in older adults
systemic sx + signs ... not be subtle e.g ... E.g. 80 yo ESR cutoff ... variably: On one hand ... GCA #Temporal #Signs
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... - Causes progressive ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... Escorial criteria uses ... EMG: LMN Signs in