10 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Chloride Algorithm Cl ... Kidney loss of Cl ... alkalosis • Loss of Cl ... Cystic fibrosis Cl ... Hypomagnesemia • Hypertension
Evaluation of Secondary Hypertension
 • Primary aldosteronism - PRA, PAC
 • Renal artery stenosis - Renal
Evaluation of Secondary ... Hypertension • ... cortisol. 24-h urine ... #Hypertension # ... resistant #Evaluation #workup
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... Workup and Differential ... with previously stable ... hypokalemia and metabolic ... Workup #causes #
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... Hypertension - ... test (with 24-h urine ... Causes #Screening #Workup ... #table
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Diagnosis and Workup ... Blood Work: - ... Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic ... Elevated Renin Urine ... Fractional excretion of Cl
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... Metolazone) • Hypertension ... caused by Ca2+ crystals ... Triamterene • Hypertension ... #Medications #Table
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
, Heat stroke, Metabolic ... injured muscles -> HYPOTENSION ... hour with goal urine ... per day until stable
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
• Acne • If secondary ... Endocrine and metabolic ... hypertension (90% ... hypernatremia, metabolic ... ↑ 24-hour urine
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Heat stroke - Metabolic ... Weakness - Dark urine ... injured muscles - HYPOTENSION ... hour with goal urine ... per day until stable
Rheumatology Workup - Laboratories Studies in Rheumatic Diseases

• Septic arthritis - Gram stain and culture of
Rheumatology Workup ... intracellular urate crystals ... pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals ... protein) to exclude metabolic ... • Serum and urine