748 results
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Diagnosis and Workup ... Blood Work: - ... Elevated Renin Urine ... Fractional excretion of Cl ... Syndrome #Diagnosis #Workup
Urine Anion Gap in NAGMA
NA + K - Cl = surrogate for Urine NH4+
NH4+ is excreted
Urine Anion Gap ... NAGMA NA + K - Cl ... surrogate for Urine ... excreted with Cl ... ThePeanutKidney #Urine
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... Cl-: Vomiting, ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... (late) • High Urine ... Cl-: Diuretics,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... Cl-: Vomiting, ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... (late) • High Urine ... Cl-: Diuretics,
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Chloride Algorithm Cl ... Kidney loss of Cl ... alkalosis • Loss of Cl ... Cystic fibrosis Cl ... Urine chloride is
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Urine K+ <13 mEq ... loss: Diarrhea Urine ... HCO3- • Low Urine ... Cl - Non-reabsorbable ... Cl - Loop diuretics
Laboratory Testing in Hemolytic Anemia

Intravascular vs Extravascular Hemolysis
Reticulocytes
Unconjugated bilirubin
LDH
Peripheral smear
Haptoglobin
Urine hemosiderin
Urine hemoglobin
Carboxyhemoglobin

#Hemolytic #Anemia #Laboratory #Testing #workup
Haptoglobin Urine ... hemosiderin Urine ... Laboratory #Testing #workup
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Framework and Workup ... Gap - UAG and Urine ... gap - UA with urine ... Gap - Estimate urine ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... Symptoms of UTI, urine ... WBCs, or urine ... → Urine culture ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Workup
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
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Metabolic Alkalosis Urine ... Volume Contraction Urine ... Cl > 20 (Saline