23 results
Sarcoidosis 
Non-caseating granulomas (Composed of T-helper & inflammatory cells) 
Clinical:
 • Disease fatal in 10% of
Neurologic: Bell's palsy ... dysrhythmias • Ophthalmologic ... #Sarcoidosis #Diagnosis ... #Symptoms #Signs
Clinical Manifestations of Serotonin Syndrome
 • Ophthalmologic: Mydriasis, Ocular clonus (slow horizontal movements)
 • Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea,
Serotonin Syndrome • Ophthalmologic ... : Mydriasis, Ocular ... Serotonin #Syndrome #Symptoms ... #spectrum #signs ... #diagnosis
Xeropthalmia: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations

Decr Visual pigment -> Keratinization, thickening & non-wetting of the conjunctiva
Pathogenesis and Ocular ... Xerophthalmia - abnormal ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
• Cephalic symptoms ... Doppler US : halo sign ... efficacy of GCs Abnormal ... #Rheumatology #Ophthalmology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Algorithm Clinical ... • CN VI palsy ... ptosis with CN Ill palsy ... • Neurologic symptoms ... #Ophthalmology
Periorbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Dacryoadenitis: infection of the lacrimal glands
b. Conjunctivitis: inflammation of the
: - extra-ocular ... acuity If any are abnormal ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Ptosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Ptosis (Greek- to fall) Drooping of the upper eyelid that usually results
- Differential Diagnosis ... CN III palsy 2. ... • Third nerve palsy ... effect of some abnormal ... #ophthalmology
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia - 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency - Signs and Symptoms
 • Brain: Androgenization effects, Glucocorticoid effects,
Hydroxylase Deficiency - Signs ... and Symptoms • ... Cardiovascular: Abnormal ... resistance • Adrenal: Nodular ... #Symptoms #diagnosis
Orbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Chemosis: Edema of the bulbar conjunctiva
b. Panopthalmitis: inflammation of all
- Impinges on ocular ... Impaired extra-ocular ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Polycythemia Vera (PV) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Diagnostic Criteria:
 • Elevated hemoglobin and/or hematocrit AND
 •
Polycythemia Vera (PV) - Diagnosis ... Management Summary Diagnostic ... JAK2 mutation OR Abnormally ... , signs, and complications ... • Treatment algorithms