20 results
Hypoxemia / Hypoxia - Rapid Response Management Algorithm

Stridor - Upper airway pathology:
 • Anaphylaxis
 • Foreign
pneumothorax, COPD ... asthma • Pleural disease ... atelectasis • Lung ... 12 / shallow breathing ... Hypoventilation: • CNS
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Causes of Hypoxemia ... (Asthma, COPD) ... • Interstitial lung ... diseasePulmonary ... Hypoventilation Syndrome
Causes of Pulmonary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
 • Idiopathic
 • Associated with:
Causes of Pulmonary ... • Valvular Lung ... Hypoxemia: • COPD ... • Interstitial Lung ... Breathing Miscellaneous
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
consider infarction, hypoxia ... hyperventilation syndrome—a ... In lung disease ... bronchitis, and COPD ... #Pulmonary #Abnormalities
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
obesity-hypoventilation syndrome ... diseases, pulmonary ... direction leads to hypoxemia ... , asthma, COPD, ... hepatopulmonary syndrome
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation: CNS ... Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... , Interstitial Lung ... #Hypoxia #hypoxemia
Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD)
Exposure-Related ILD (a.k.a. extrinsic allergic alveolitis): 
 • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Farmer's lung, Bird
ILD caused by inhalation ... • Idiopathic pulmonary ... organizing pneumonia (COP ... Churg Strauss syndrome ... #causes
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
Chronic cough • Hypoxia ... obstruction • COPD ... • Mounier-Kuhn syndrome ... in the adjacent lung ... of the affected lung
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
- Cirrhosis Syndrome ... carcinoma of the lung ... ) - CNS pathology ... hemorrhage) - Pulmonary ... e.g. pneumonia, COPD
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... acidosis: - CNS ... or restrictive lung ... disease (COPD,