9 results
Hypoxemia / Hypoxia - Rapid Response Management Algorithm

Stridor - Upper airway pathology:
 • Anaphylaxis
 • Foreign
Blood: diffuse alveolar ... asthma • Pleural disease ... 12 / shallow breathing ... Hypoventilation: • CNS ... #Diagnosis #Management
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypoventilation: CNS ... neuromuscular disease ... Cardiac, Vascular, Alveolar ... #pulmonary #Aa
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation: CNS ... UnremarkableLab #AA ... #Gradient #alveolar ... #Hypoxia #hypoxemia ... #differential #diagnosis
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
- Differential Diagnosis ... Interstitial lung diseases ... Pneumonia, asthma, COPD ... hepatopulmonary syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
consider infarction, hypoxia ... bronchitis, and COPD ... #Pulmonary #Abnormalities ... #Abnormal #Diagnosis ... #PhysicalExam
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
Chronic cough • Hypoxia ... Connective tissue diseases ... obstruction • COPD ... • Mounier-Kuhn syndrome ... , in advanced disease
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
life-threatening diseases ... Inflammatory eye disease ... recent DAN) • EMG/NCS ... leading to diffuse alveolar ... #management #treatment
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... acidosis: - CNS ... restrictive lung disease ... (COPD, OSA, Asthma
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome - Overview of IRIS

What Is IRIS?
	• A state of hyperinflammatory response that
Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ... worsening of that disease ... pleural effusions, CNS ... (fever, cough, hypoxia ... #Management