12 results
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
alkalosis ↓ ↑ ... alkalosis/Resp ... Alkalosis: - ... sedation, narcotics, CVA ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman ... #Nephrology #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... of sodium and potassium ... #Metabolic #Alkalosis
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... alkalosis - ... Contraction → ↑ Renin ↑ Ca ... Pathophysiology #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake • Metabolic ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... Alkalosis: Emesis ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #nephrology #low
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
hypomagnesemia • Metabolic ... alkalosis • Normal ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... alkalosis • Hypocalciuria ... Supplement: • Potassium
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... alkalosis - Fistulas ... - Bartter - Gitelman ... alkalosis #Hypochloremia ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... • Severe potassium ... after fasting #Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology