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management diagnosis differential causes algorithm hypokalemia hyponatremia pharmacology potassium table acute binders comparison diuresis diuretics excretion gitelman hypernatremia low medications
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... 90 minutes) • Sodium ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia ... management #potassium #nephrology
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia Acute Hyperkalemia: - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
Management of Acute and Chronic ... in 4 mL) - IV sodium ... Consider K+ binders Chronic ... mL/min) - Oral sodium ... #treatment #nephrology
Potassium Binders for Management of Hyperkalemia • SPS - Sodium polystyrene sulfonate • Patiromer (veltassa) •
Management of Hyperkalemia ... • SPS - Sodium ... veltassa) • SZC - Sodium ... #treatment #pharmacology ... table #comparison #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
) • AKI: BUN/Cr ... • LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... oxidative injury Treatment ... Treatment of underlying ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
liver cirrhosis, chronic ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... cirrhosis, and chronic ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Diagnosis and Treatment ... Treatment: Treatment ... correction of chronic ... #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Diagnosis and Treatment ... : Treatment of ... correction of chronic ... #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
polydipsia • Hypervolemia ... Nephrotic Syndrome, Chronic ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... • Unexplained hypokalemia ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... - Diuretics (carbonic ... or induced) #Hypokalemia ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
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