2406 results
Palpitations - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
• It is an unpleasant awareness or sensation that the heart is
Palpitations - Differential ... Esophageal spasm • Reflux ... Toxins: • ETOH • Caffeine ... Palpitations #Cardiology #Differential
Sinus Tachycardia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Autonomic System:
 • Excess Stimulation: Nicotine, Caffeine, Sympathomimetics, Anticholinergics
 • Withdrawal:
Tachycardia - Differential ... Stimulation: Nicotine, Caffeine ... #Tachycardia #Differential
Arrhythmias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
May present as: palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest discomfort
Cardiac Causes:
 - Structural
Arrhythmias - Differential ... Alcohol • Caffeine ... Arrhythmias #Cardiology #Differential
Increased Urinary Frequency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Non-increased urine volume (<2mL/min), Rule out polyuria
Extrinsic to Urinary Tract:
Urinary Frequency - Differential ... drugs: Diuretics, caffeine ... Urinary #Frequency #Differential
Spinal Cord Injury by Nerve Root Levels
Spinal Root	Sensory	Motor	Reflex
C4	Acromioclavicular Joint	Respiration	None
C5	Radial Antecubital Fossa	Elbow Flexion	Biceps Reflex
C6	Dorsal Thumb	Wrist Extension	Brachioradialis Reflex
C7	Dorsal
Sensory Motor Reflex ... Flexion Biceps Reflex ... Brachioradialis Reflex ... Extension Triceps Reflex ... NerveRoots #Levels #differential
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - Summary

GERD: Diagnosis
• Heartburn (substernal burning sensation) and acid regurgitation
• Chest pain
Extraesophageal
Gastroesophageal Reflux ... Testing Ambulatory reflux ... trigger” foods: caffeine ... Gastroesophageal #Reflux
Causes of Palpitations
 • ARRHYTHMiA 
 • SINUS ARRYTHMIA 
 • ATRIAL FIBRILLATION 
 • ATRIAL
NICOTINE • CAFFEINE ... Palpitations #Causes #Differential
Abdominojugular (Hepatojugular) Reflux

Described by Pasteur in 1885 as a physical sign of TR. Still useful for
Hepatojugular) Reflux ... Positive reflux= ... Hepatojugular #Reflux
Syncope - Findings, Signs and Symptoms by Classification
 - Reflex Syncope 
 - Cardiogenic Syncope
Classification - Reflex ... #Syncope #Differential
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Summary
 - Diagnosis
 - Clinical Workflow
 - PPIs
 - Treatment
 - Acid
Gastroesophageal Reflux ... Gastroesophageal #Reflux