31 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... Hyperthyroidism, Serotonin syndrome ... #differential # ... diagnosis #table #neurology
Diagnostic Algorithm for Dizziness and Vertigo
Peripheral Vertigo:
 • Attacks: Sudden, severe, can last anywhere from seconds
minutes to days • Nystagmus ... with vascular causes ... • Nystagmus: ... positional episodes caused ... Vertigo #Algorithm #differential
Peripheral and Central Causes of Vertigo
Peripheral Causes (Common):
 - Labyrinth: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Méniére disease,
- Vascular - Stroke ... Eric Strong @DrEricStrong ... - Strong Medicine ... #differential # ... diagnosis #neurology
Lateral Medullary Syndrome - Wallenberg's Syndrome
Acute continuous vertigo due to Posterior Circulation Stroke (usually Posterior Inferior
- Wallenberg's Syndrome ... Posterior Circulation Stroke ... Clinical Findings: • Nausea ... vomiting/vertigo/nystagmus ... #Wallenbergs #neurology
Seesaw Nystagmus 

Sawtooth or seesaw nystagmus is an unusual but characteristic type of nystagmus. Typically there
Seesaw Nystagmus ... interstitial nucleus of Cajal ... We have varied causes ... such as trauma, stroke ... clinical #video #ophthalmology
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
What? Metamorphophsia - Distortions of the visual perceptions with changes in size (micro
in Wonderland Syndrome ... (Many causes!) ... lesions (e.g. stroke ... #diagnosis #neurology ... #differential
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... - Differential ... : • Vascular: Stroke ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... #neurology
Gerstmann Syndrome
1) Finger agnosia - Inability to name their own fingers, affecting both sides
2) Right-left confusion
Gerstmann Syndrome ... - Inability to differentiate ... able to copy Causes ... : Stroke (main cause ... #neurology #diagnosis
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
 • Onset: Sudden
 • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
vestibular neuritis • Nystagmus ... can be severe in stroke ... with vascular causes ... circulation TIA • Nystagmus ... symptoms #comparison #neurology
One and a Half Syndrome on Physical Exam

This 28 year old patient presented to clinic with
A nystagmus in far ... The most common causes ... this are tumors, strokes ... clinical #video #ophthalmology ... #neurology