11 results
Hypothyroidism – symptoms and signs.

Symptoms: 
Tiredness/malaise, 
Weight gain,
Anorexia,
Cold intolerance, 
Poor memory,
Change in appearance, 
Depression, 
Poor libido,
and signs. ... , Deafness Signs ... peripheries, Carpal ... timel syndrome, ... Hypothyroid #Features #Signs
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... lumbar spine Signs ... of normal leg reflexes ... #MSK #pathophysiology ... #signs
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... • Central Cord Syndrome ... bladder and rectal reflex ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #msk
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
tolerance, and ankle ... More Specific Signs ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... acute HF → no signs
Windlass Test for Plantar Fasciitis

Passive extension of the great toe with the ankle in dorsiflexion. A
great toe with the ankle ... A positive sign ... plantar fascia symptoms ... Video via Liz Bayley ... foot #podiatry #msk
Windlass Test for Plantar Fasciitis

Passive extension of the great toe with the ankle in dorsiflexion. A
great toe with the ankle ... A positive sign ... plantar fascia symptoms ... Fasciitis #clinical #video ... foot #podiatry #msk
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Diagnosis and Management ... Extrapulmonary: ankle ... anterior/posterior MSK ... polyarthritis(symmetrical, ankles ... #Signs #Symptoms
Scoliosis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings (Cobb Angle > 10 Degrees)

 • Incr Axial rotation of thoracic
findings (Cobb Angle ... intervertebral canal ... pathophysiology #msk ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Gout - Diagnosis and Management Summary

3 Conditions for Gout to Manifest:
1. Hyperuricemia
2. Monosodium urate deposition in
Diagnosis and Management ... sex • Metabolic syndrome ... include forefoot, ankles ... double contour sign ... +Radiographic signs