2254 results
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride ... thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride ... Metabolic alkalosis • Normal ... • Congenital chloride ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride ... alkalosis • Normal ... mineralocorticoid-like effect Normal ... salicylate poisoning Normal ... In a normal gap
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Algorithm - Urinary Chloride ... suction, Congenital chloride ... alkalosis - Normal ... salicylate poisoning • Normal ... causes #urinary #chloride
Nephron Remodeling as a Mechanism of Diuretic Resistance. When high doses of loop diuretics are used
thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride ... channel, and the chloride–bicarbonate ... #Pathophysiology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine chloride < 20 mmol/l - Chloride responsive (Chloride
Algorithm Urine chloride ... < 20 mmol/l - Chloride ... responsive (Chloride ... diuretic use Urine chloride ... > 20 mmol/l - Chloride
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Ringers (LR) vs Normal ... 1.5 mEq/L • Chloride ... 154 mEq/L • Chloride ... pancreatitis Normal ... receives high chloride
Mechanisms of Loop Diuretic Action and Resistance. Panel A, loop diuretics circulate bound to protein. As
diuretics compete with chloride ... sodium–potassium–chloride ... #Pathophysiology
How much sodium is in 1 Liter of Normal Saline? In Bags if Potato Chips
in 1 Liter of Normal ... Chips 1 L of normal ... = 0.9% sodium chloride ... per liter. 1 L normal ... Thus, 1 L of normal
Cystic Fibrosis 
An autosomal recessive condition. Mutations affect a specific gene on chromosome 7. The affected
Abnormal transport ... of Chloride & Sodium
Mixing Study
 • Clotting tests can be abnormal due to either a clotting factor deficiency, or
an inhibitor of normal ... to have 50% of normal ... the test to be normal ... Plasma + Pooled Normal ... diagnosis #hematology #pathophysiology