813 results
COVID-19 Life Cycle

#COVID19 #LifeCycle #Timeline #Pathophysiology #Diagnosis
Cycle #COVID19 #LifeCycle ... #Timeline #Pathophysiology
Nephron Remodeling as a Mechanism of Diuretic Resistance. When high doses of loop diuretics are used
thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride ... channel, and the chloride–bicarbonate ... #Pathophysiology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine chloride < 20 mmol/l - Chloride responsive (Chloride
Algorithm Urine chloride ... < 20 mmol/l - Chloride ... responsive (Chloride ... diuretic use Urine chloride ... > 20 mmol/l - Chloride
Mechanisms of Loop Diuretic Action and Resistance. Panel A, loop diuretics circulate bound to protein. As
diuretics compete with chloride ... sodium–potassium–chloride ... #Pathophysiology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride ... suction, Congenital chloride ... use The urine chloride ... , a high urine chloride ... Urine chloride is
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... Gitelman #Syndrome #Pathophysiology
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia and Treatment
Membrane Stabilization
 - Calcium gluconate or chloride 
Redistribution
 - Insulin
Calcium gluconate or chloride
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
• Fatigue Chloride ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
1.5 mEq/L • Chloride ... 154 mEq/L • Chloride ... receives high chloride ... GFR to reduce chloride
Leishmaniasis Life Cycle
1) Sandfly takes a blood meal (injects promastigote stage into the skin)
Human Stages:
2) Promastigotes
Leishmaniasis #LifeCycle ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology