78 results
Age Related Macular Degeneration: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Photoreceptor atrophy 
-> Extracellular debris (drusen) from RPE atrophy/metabolism
reduces blood flow ... from choroid to ... retina -> Nutrients ... cannot reach retina ... from choroid and
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
Central Retinal ... Abnormal blood flow ... perfusion -> The choroidal ... narrowing • Slow ... blood flow allows
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Low Magnesium ... #Hypocalcemia #Workup ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... • Euvolemic (Low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypercalcemia Low ... PTHrP: - Low ... #Workup #nephrology
Hyperthyroidism (low TSH, High T4/T3) - Diagnostic Algorithm

Radioactive iodine scan – get if concern for nodular
Hyperthyroidism (low ... ) - Diagnostic Algorithm ... affects diagnostic workup ... Hyperthyroid #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Workup #Endocrinology
Gynecomastia - Differential Diagnosis a
nd Workup Algorithm
Gynecomastia is common in clinical practice, affecting ~50% of males
Diagnosis a nd Workup ... Algorithm Gynecomastia ... How to approach? ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #endocrinology
Diagnosis of Hypokalemia - Differential Algorithm 

Categorized by Causes: Redistribution, Extrarenal Losses, Renal Losses (High and
- Differential Algorithm ... Extrarenal Losses, Renal ... Losses (High and Low ... #Differential #Algorithm
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... filling of bucket (low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #workup
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Framework and Workup ... • Serum K low ... Proximal RTA: • Low ... • Serum K: low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup