46 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine can induce color ... Gross hematuria + clots ... hematuria • Signs ... • Infection (Viral ... #urology #nephrology
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Labyrinthitis 
Vestibular neuritis + unilateral hearing loss = Labyrinthitis 
1) Vertigo (severe) 
2) Gait instability 
3)
instability 3) Nausea ... hearing loss Clinical ... Possibly due to viral ... Labyrinthitis #Diagnosis #Symptoms ... #Signs #Otolaryngology
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
pathognomonic signs ... /symptoms or echo ... high index of clinical ... Hypercoagulable states • Clinical ... in up to 30% of cases
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
Pathogenesis and clinical ... Prader-Willi Syndrome Signs ... /Symptoms/Complications ... • Decr Bone mineral ... pathophysiology #peds
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Causes of Peripheral ... Sometimes history of viral ... without an obvious cause ... signs or symptoms ... Central #Vertigo #Causes
Management of Serotonin Syndrome
Identify and stop all serotoninergic medications
 • Avoid inadvertent Rx of serotoninergic meds
Management of Serotonin ... serotoninergic meds ... goal to normalize vital ... signs • Supplemental ... then 2 mg q2h if symptoms
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
Diagnosis and Management ... extrapulmonary cases ... Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... /symptoms of active
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... Postulate 1 - Viral ... replication causes ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis
Post-Transplantation Lymphoproliferative Disorders (PTLD)
Definition: Lymphoid and/or plasmacytic proliferations that occur as a result of immunosuppression in
Conditioning regimen Signs ... LDH), rising EBV viral ... load, signs/symptoms ... to 50% of PTLD cases ... oncology #diagnosis #management