92 results
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy - Casts ... Acellular Casts ... • Hyaline Casts ... colored compounds (e.g ... Microscopy #nephrology #interpretation
Causes of Erythema Nodosum - Mnemonic

NO cause found in 60% of cases
Drugs (antibiotics e.g., sulfonamides, amoxicillin)
Oral
Causes of Erythema ... Mnemonic NO cause ... found in 60% of cases ... Drugs (antibiotics e.g ... Nodosum #Mnemonic #Causes
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
dialysis indication (e.g ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... are caused by prerenal ... CONSIDER INTRINSIC CAUSES ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts
There are two patterns of T-wave abnormality in Wellens’ syndrome:
-Type A = Biphasic, with initial positivity
negativity (25% of cases ... inverted (75% of cases ... Diagnosis #Cardiology #ECG ... #EKG #Wellens #
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... May be 10 (eg direct
Hepatitis B Virus Serology and Interpretation
HBsAg - Anti-HBs - Anti-HBc - HBeAg - Anti-HBe
 - Acute
Virus Serology and Interpretation ... (about 10% of cases ... HBV #Serology #Interpretation
Syncope is a sudden, transient loss of consciousness, which is thought to be secondary to cerebral
cardiac syncope, e.g ... frequently benign causes ... and an initial ECG ... In many cases, syncope ... depends on the cause
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
maintained fever CAUSES ... Surgical devices, e.g ... Sepsis (→ 3-14) e.g ... #Differential #Causes ... #Anesthesiology
Hypotension - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Hypotension is commonly due to unnecessarily deep anaesthesia, the autonomic
pressure as a cause ... and positioning (e.g ... o Endocrine cause ... (eg steroid dependency ... #Differential #Anesthesiology
Intraoperative Anaphylaxis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
• Unexplained hypotension
• Unexplained bronchospasm (wheeze may be absent
absent in severe cases ... absent in severe cases ... as a possible cause ... alternate vasopressor (e.g ... #Anaphylaxis #Anesthesiology