27 results
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
loss of motor function ... herniation or tumour ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk #orthopedics
Amenorrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated FSH
 • Premature Ovarian Failure
 • Menopa use
 • Spontaneous
Bleed With
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ... Inflammatory Lesion • Tumors ... Challenge • Functional ... endocrinology #causes
Causes of Back Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Always assess for red flags. If no red flags,
Causes of Back Pain ... constitutional symptoms ... • Fracture • Tumor ... • Cauda Equina Syndrome ... #Causes
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... Dehydration • Symptoms ... changes, stroke symptoms ... • Pathophysiology
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management Algorithm
Risk factors: Previous acute enteric infection, Female
(IBS) - Pathophysiology ... and Management Algorithm ... Younger age, Other functional ... factors affecting symptom ... #Pathophysiology
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Neurologic symptoms ... Dislocation • Functional ... • Aneurysm • Tumor ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Causes of Primary Amenorrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
No onset of menarche by age 16 with secondary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypothalamic: • Functional ... Irradiation • Tumor ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #OBGyn
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
• Other rare causes ... GHRH hypothalamic tumors ... neuroendocrine tumors ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... transport, renal function ... Gastrointestinal function ... Cl⁻ with other components ... #Pathophysiology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... spine Signs / Symptoms ... #MSK #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms