7 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF • liver ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
and Treatment ... Treatment: Treatment ... include vaptans (HF/liver ... #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... Heart Failure, Liver ... #Differential #Algorithm ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
Chronic Hepatitis B - Diagnosis and Management Algorithm

• Who to treat: Essentially treat the pts with
and Management Algorithm ... absent the risk of reactivation ... HepatitisB #HBV #Algorithm ... Diagnosis #Management #Treatment ... #Hepatology
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS)
Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)

What?
A subset of
Macrophage Activation ... thrombocytopenia • Liver ... 10,000 ng/mL • Hyponatremia ... Treatment: • Corticosteroids ... MAS #Macrophage #Activation
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
sympathetic + ADH activation ... • Urine sodium ... Treatment Overview ... Hepatorenal #Syndrome #Hepatology ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Management of Pruritus in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Pruritus with no primary lesions - differential diagnosis:
pruritus • Liver ... pruritus • Hematologic ... #Pruritus #Treatment ... #Algorithm #Hemodialysis ... Uremia #Management #Nephrology