21 results
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
papilledema • Horner ... syndrome, history ... • Meningeal signs ... infection (e.g., meningitis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #neurology
Photophobia and Headache - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Why?
• The coexistence of photophobia and headache suggests the potential
hypothalamus, and visual cortex ... photophobia • Meningitis ... meningeal irritation signs ... differential #diagnosis #ophthalmology ... #Neurology
Keratoconus: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Genetics
 • Family history of keratoconus
 • Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
 • Down, Turner,
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome ... , Marfan syndromes ... rubbing • Atopic diseases ... • Corneal Opacities ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Differential diagnoses for the neuro-ophthalmologic finding of diplopia.
Neoplastic: 
 • Intraorbital meningioma 
 • Pituitary adenoma
for the neuro-ophthalmologic ... Infectious: • Meningitis ... Miller-Fisher syndrome ... orbitopathy) • Corneal ... Diagnosis #Causes #Ophthalmology
Lyme Disease: Early and Late Clinical manifestations
Stage 1. Localized
 • EM appears 7-14 days at the
Lyme Disease: Early ... myalgia, arthralgia, headache ... • Heralded by neurologic ... SSX (lymphocytic meningitis ... #diagnosis #signs
Signs and Symptoms Associated With Different Headache Etiologies
 • Nonfocal mental status changes - Meningitis, encephalitis,
Signs and Symptoms ... status changes - Meningitis ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... , meningitis, encephalitis ... #signs #symptoms
Behçet's Syndrome
Systemic disease associated with inflammation of multiple organs, small-vessel vasculitis and large-vessel vasculopathy
Epidemiology:
 • Young
skin injury) • Neurologic ... lesions, aseptic meningitis ... CNS symptoms (headache ... inhibitors • Uveitis- Ophthalmology ... diagnosis #management #signs
Headaches Overview - Primary vs Secondary Headaches

What’s the Core Difference?
 • Primary headache = headache is
What’s the Core ... disease itself ... Infection (e.g., meningitis ... N Neurological signs ... confusion, focal signs
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
lesion Pott's Disease ... Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ... of Tuberculous Meningitis ... later stage) • Headache ... • Papilledema, headache
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Méniére's disease ... (Wallenberg's syndrome ... Syndrome usually ... Disease onset usually ... signs or symptoms