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Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
• Pleuritic chest ... Lymphadenopathy, Chest ... pain, cough • ... breath, Fatigue, Chest ... : • Chest pain
Causes of Cough and Hemoptysis
Acute Inflammation 
 - Laryngitis 
 - Tracheobronchitis 
 - Mycoplasma and
Causes of Cough ... Mycoplasma and Viral Pneumonias ... - Bacterial Pneumonias ... Disorders - Left ... Gases #Chronic #Cough
Chlamydia trachomatis - Infection of the Newborn
 • Newborns 3-16 weeks old 
 • Afebrile (appears
• Staccato cough ... topical) • Pneumonia ... cervicitis, newbom pneumonia ... Chlamydophila pneumoniae ... (mild pneumonia
Interstitial pneumonias
An acute reticular pattern is most frequently caused by interstitial edema due to cardiac heart
Interstitial pneumonias ... is interstitial pneumonia ... PCP Mycoplasma pneumonia ... nonproductive cough ... #Interstitial #Pneumonia
The PA-film shows a silhouette sign of the left heart border.
Even without looking at the lateral
silhouette sign of the left ... anteriorly in the left ... consolidation due to a pneumonia ... Sterptococcus pneumoniae ... Radiology #CXR #Pneumonia
Causes of Acute Pediatric Cough - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
No Fever, No Tachypnea
 - Normal Chest Auscultation
Acute Pediatric Cough ... Tachypnea - Normal Chest ... • Bacterial pneumonia ... Atypical or viral pneumonia ... #Acute #Cough
Eosinophilic Pneumonia
When to suspect Eosinophilic Pneumonia? Non-resolving pneumonia + BAL > 25% eosinophils + excluded more
Eosinophilic Pneumonia ... Non-resolving pneumonia ... hx - Fever+, Cough ... Dyspnea+, Pleuritic Chest ... Progressive SOB + Cough
Venn Diagram - Does this patient have pneumonia?
Diagnosis is generally based on three lines of evidence:
this patient have pneumonia ... evidence of a chest ... leukocytosis, left-shift ... e.g., dyspnea, cough ... #Pneumonia #Venn
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia (COP)

Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia Overview:
 • Idiopathic form of organizing pneumonia
 • formerly BOOP
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia ... Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia ... of organizing pneumonia ... other interstitial pneumonias ... life • History: cough
Pneumonia on Chest Xray and POCUS

Extensive pneumonia in lower left lobe (red arrow). 
POCUS: Dynamic air
Pneumonia on Chest ... POCUS Extensive pneumonia ... in lower left lobe ... CasasolaGarcia #Pneumonia