25 results
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
splenomegaly Other infections ... Infectious: ... #Brain #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
Algorithm for evaluating multiple ring-enhancing lesions in immunocompetent (HIV negative)

#ringenhancing #lesions #cns #brain #diagnosis #differential #algorithm
immunocompetent (HIV ... #cns #brain #diagnosis ... #differential # ... algorithm #causes ... #radiology #neurology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
HIV / AIDS - Differential ... Demyelinating disease caused ... punched-out" cystic lesions ... #differential # ... InfectiousDiseases #Neurology
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
What? Metamorphophsia - Distortions of the visual perceptions with changes in size (micro
(Many causes!) ... ) • Infection ( ... encephalitis) • Brain ... lesions (e.g. stroke ... #differential
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
dementia Pathophysiology ... early stages of infection ... bilateral white matter lesions ... well-defined than PML lesions ... and with low CD4
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
Non-inflammatory Causes ... affecting the Brain ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... LHON) plus MRI lesions ... noninflammatory #differential
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
Weakness - Differential ... nervous system: Brain ... : Brain abscess ... parainfluenza, Coxsackie, HIV ... #Diagnosis #neurology
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
to Headaches - Differential ... history of cancer, HIV ... Space-occupying brain ... lesion • CNS ... infection (e.g.,
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
monophasic Pathophysiology ... ruled out • Brain ... MRI: Check for brain ... simplex virus, HIV ... #differential
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
Causes of spinal ... Infarction - Infection ... syphilis, and HIV ... #differential # ... diagnosis #neurology