4919 results
Causes of Myocarditis
Infectious Etiologies:
 • Viral agents: Adenoviruses, Enteroviruses (coxsackievirus), Herpesviruses (human herpesvirus 6, Epstein—Barr virus),
Causes of Myocarditis ... Coccidioides species, Cryptococcus ... differential #diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes
Causes of Myocarditis 
1. Infectious Myocarditis
 • Bacterial - Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumococcus, Meningococcus, Gonococcus, Salmonella, Corynebacterium
Causes of Myocarditis ... Coccidioides, Cryptococcus ... more commonly cause ... #Myocarditis #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
positive in 90% of IE cases ... Aspergillus • Cryptococcus ... Septic Emboli Cause ... Treat underlying cause ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Important Fungal Stains
Mycology Lab:
 • Calcofluor white - Fluorochrome that binds glucans and chitin in fungal
polysaccharide capsule of Cryptococcus ... detection for cryptococcal ... mucopolysaccharide capsule of Cryptococcus ... cell walls of Cyptococcus
Causes of Culture Negative Abscess - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Consider prior antibiotics as a cause of a
Causes of Culture ... antibiotics as a cause ... : Aspergillus, Cryptococcus ... nocardia - Fungal: Cryptococcus ... Coccidiomycosis, Cryptococcus
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
positive in 90% of IE cases ... Aspergillus • Cryptococcus ... Septic emboli cause ... Treat underlying cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology
Cryptococcus neoformans Meningoencephalitis- The opening pressure on lumbar puncture was 29 cm of water (reference range,
Cryptococcus neoformans ... The cryptococcal ... CSF culture grew Cryptococcus ... clinical #NEJM #Cryptococcus
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
histoplasmosis, cryptococcus ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
Causes of CSF Lymphocytic Pleocytosis - Differential Diagnosis
Viral: Arbo, Adeno, Herpes, Entero, HIV
Fungal: Cryptococcus, Cocci, Histo,
Causes of CSF Lymphocytic ... , HIV Fungal: Cryptococcus ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Causes of Erythema Nodosum - Mnemonic

NO cause found in 60% of cases
Drugs (antibiotics e.g., sulfonamides, amoxicillin)
Oral
Causes of Erythema ... Mnemonic NO cause ... found in 60% of cases ... Nodosum #Mnemonic #Causes