41 results
Coverage of common antibiotics used in the hospital

For empiric coverage, first define the type of infection,
then review prior cultures ... Obtain cultures ... #management #infectiousdisease ... #antibiogram #pharmacology
Echinococcus Life Cycle
1) Adult in small intestine eggs
2) Embryonated egg in feces
3) Oncosphere hatches; penetrates intestinal
LifeCycle #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #infectiousdiseases ... #cdc #parasite
Bandemia Overview

Normal: < 1%
Clinically significant: > 10%

Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
having positive cultures ... including blood cultures ... sensitivity of 67% for culture ... neutrophil #WBC #CBC ... #hematology #pathophysiology
Leishmaniasis Life Cycle
1) Sandfly takes a blood meal (injects promastigote stage into the skin)
Human Stages:
2) Promastigotes
LifeCycle #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #infectiousdiseases ... #cdc #parasite
Immune Reactions and Immunosuppressant Drugs

Glucocorticoids - Inhibition of cytokine synthesis, e.g., IL-1, IL-2
Muromonab-CD3 - Monoclonal antibody
Calcineurin
IL-2 Muromonab-CD3 ... Immunosuppressant #Drugs #Pharmacology ... #Pathophysiology
Malaria - Plasmodium Life Cycle
1) Mosquito takes a blood meal (injects sporozoites)
Human Liver Stages
2) Infected liver
lifecycle #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #infectiousdiseases ... #cdc #parasite
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
Pathophysiology: ... • UA and Urine cultures ... may narrow per culture ... pyelonephritis CMC
Babesiosis - Babesia Life Cycle
1) Tick takes a blood meal (sporozoites introduced into host)
2) Trophozie ←→
LifeCycle #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #infectiousdiseases ... #cdc #parasite
Echinostomiasis - Echinostoma Life Cycle
1) Unembroynated eggs passed in feces
2) Embryonated eggs in water
3) Miracidia hatch
LifeCycle #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #infectiousdiseases ... #cdc #parasite
C.diff - Clostridioides Difficile Infection (CDI) - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

Clinical Presentation + Progression:
Difficile Infection (CDI ... Perforation) Pathophysiology ... x 10d • 1st CDI ... IDSA 2021 CDI ... management #treatment #infectiousdiseases