2006 results
Hypothermia in Sepsis - Pathophysiology
 • 20% of septic pts → HYPOTHERMIA
 • Increased mortality 62%
proinflammatory cytokines ... anti-inflammatory cytokine
Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis: Pathogenesis and investigations
Risk Factors:
 - Unclear environmental triggers (may be viral, not
alter inflammatory cytokine ... GCA is almost never ... /Symptoms: - Fever
Faget Sign - Pulse-Temperature Dissociation
Causes of Relative Bradycardia
 • Infectious Causes: Legionella, Psittacosis, Q fever, Typhoid
Psittacosis, Q fever ... , Typhoid fever, ... , Dengue fever, ... Mountain spotted fever ... , Drug fever
Fever Patterns - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Continuous Fever:
Temp > 38°C with only 1 degree fluctuation in 24
Fever Patterns - ... Continuous Fever ... (Step ladder: fever ... Intermittent Fever ... or no fever
Causes of Relative Bradycardia - Note the propensity for intracellular organisms.
Infectious: 
Legionella, Psittacosis, Q fever, Typhoid
Psittacosis, Q fever ... , Typhoid fever, ... , Dengue fever, ... Mountain spotted fever ... , Drug fever
Immune Reactions and Immunosuppressant Drugs

Glucocorticoids - Inhibition of cytokine synthesis, e.g., IL-1, IL-2
Muromonab-CD3 - Monoclonal antibody
Calcineurin
Inhibition of cytokine ... Inhibition of cytokine
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Pathogenesis

 • Genetic factors (Mutations in HLA- DR2/HLA-DR3 genes, complement genes, cytokine
complement genes, cytokine ... of inflammatory cytokines
Faget's Sign & Liebermeister's Rule
Pulse-Temperature Dissociation
EVERY 1 F RISE IN TEMPERATURE -> HR INCREASES 8-10 BPM
INFECTIOUS
Psittacosis • Q Fever ... • Typhoid Fever ... • Drug Fever ... Typhoid Fever (S ... Dengue Fever NOTE
Pathogenesis of Rheumatic Fever

Pathogenesis of rheumatic fever. 
1. GAS pharyngitis leads to antigenic presentation of pathogenic
Pathogenesis of Rheumatic Fever ... Pathogenesis of rheumatic fever ... infiltration leading to cytokine-mediated ... #Rheumatic #Fever
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS)
Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)

What?
A subset of
pro-inflammatory cytokines ... hemophagocytosis and cytokine ... disease • Periodic fever ... multiorgan failure • Fever ... - Nonremitting fever