29 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - ... Hyperreflexia: • Hypocalcemia ... Late ALS - Dr ... #diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
from other causes ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... Distal RTA, DKA Dr ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
and Screening Testing ... (correction of hypokalemia ... (with 24-h urine ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Screening #Workup #table
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... use), Gitelman's syndrome ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Weakness - Dark urine ... hour with goal urine ... per day until stable ... #treatment #nephrology
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework

HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES:
Hyperviscosity Syndrome:
 • Spontaneous bleeding
 • Shortness of breath
of breath • Neurologic ... • Dyspnea at rest ... Hyperphosphatemia • Hyperkalemia ... renal failure • Hypocalcemia ... Vomiting, decreased urine
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Blood Work: - Hypokalemia ... Elevated Renin Urine ... mutations in SLC12A3 Dr ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
lysis) ± Urine ... Cortisol+ACTH stim test ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
with previously stable ... heart failure, neurologic ... disorders including hypokalemia ... Neurologic disorders ... - Dr.
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
Non-inflammatory Causes ... diagnosis and treatment ... Non-inflammatory causes ... manifestations due ... #neurology #noninflammatory