13 results
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
- Differential ... history of cancer, HIV ... • Neurological deficits ... Space-occupying brain ... lesionCNS
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
the CNS in the ... mononuclear cells in the CNS ... similar to PML, but MRI ... Diagnosis: MRI ... Treatment: • HAART
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
HIV / AIDS - Differential ... Antimicrobial treatment ... Imaging: - MRI ... Symptoms: AMS, motor deficits ... #differential #
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
Weakness - Differential ... disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary ... Lack of UMN/LMN signs ... parainfluenza, Coxsackie, HIV ... EMG) studies • MRI
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
ring-enhanced lesion ... (IRIS): • In HIV ... contrast enhancement Brain ... or abruptly • CN ... Tuberculosis #diagnosis #differential
Signs and Symptoms Associated With Different Headache Etiologies
 • Nonfocal mental status changes - Meningitis, encephalitis,
Signs and Symptoms ... (CN Ill, IV, and ... VI) - Mass lesion ... #signs #symptoms ... #clues #differential
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
purpura: Strong sign ... 50 years • New headache ... impairment, neurologic deficits ... oligoclonal bands • MRI ... chorioretinitis, CNS
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
that results in CNS ... • Bilateral signs ... simplex virus, HIV ... Transverse Myelitis Treatment ... management #neurology #differential
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
affecting the Brain ... nervous system (CNS ... diagnosis and treatment ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... lesions and clinical
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
- Differential ... • CT: Halo sign ... Lymphadenopathy, CNS ... #AIDS #pulmonary ... #differential #