18 results
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Compatible syndrome + MRI ... splenomegaly Other infections ... Infectious: ... #Brain #differential ... diagnosis #causes #radiology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
the CNS in the ... early stages of infection ... cells in the CNS ... Diagnosis: MRI ... Treatment: • HAART
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
history of cancer, HIV ... • Neurological deficits ... Space-occupying brain ... lesionCNS ... infection (e.g.,
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary ... etc) • CNS -> ... Lack of UMN/LMN signs ... parainfluenza, Coxsackie, HIV ... EMG) studies • MRI
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
CNS Infection in ... HIV / AIDS - Differential ... Antimicrobial treatment ... Imaging: - MRI ... Infections in HIV
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
affecting the Brain ... nervous system (CNS ... diagnosis and treatment ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... lesions and clinical
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
ring-enhanced lesion ... (IRIS): • In HIV ... contrast enhancement Brain ... or abruptly • CN ... Tuberculosis #diagnosis #differential
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
that results in CNS ... • Bilateral signs ... simplex virus, HIV ... Transverse Myelitis Treatment ... management #neurology #differential
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome - Overview of IRIS

What Is IRIS?
	• A state of hyperinflammatory response that
of HIV/AIDS patients ... a decrease in HIV ... pleural effusions, CNS ... Leishmaniasis Differential ... Inflammatory #Syndrome #Differential
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
purpura: Strong sign ... claudication, pulse deficits ... impairment, neurologic deficits ... oligoclonal bands • MRI ... chorioretinitis, CNS