13 results
Xeropthalmia: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations

Decr Visual pigment -> Keratinization, thickening & non-wetting of the conjunctiva
conjunctiva) • Bitot's spots ... #Xeropthalmia #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Orbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Chemosis: Edema of the bulbar conjunctiva
b. Panopthalmitis: inflammation of all
Afferent pupillary defect ... Orbital #Cellulitis #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
arrhythmias, congenital defects ... -> Cherry-red spot ... Occlusion #CRAO #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
• Lhermitte’s sign ... Afferent pupillary defect ... SIGNS/SYMPTOMS ... McDonald diagnostic criteria ... taper 3-7 days - Short
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
thrombosis of short ... field: altitudinal defect ... Doppler US : halo sign ... #Rheumatology #Ophthalmology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
-> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
damage & blindness Signs ... • Visual field defects ... ClosedAngle #Glaucoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD): Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - For diagnosis, must have either 26
level - ADHD affects ... BehavioralDisorder #Pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs ... #psychiatry #criteria
Distinguishing between Inflammatory and Degenerative joint disease
Inflammatory Joint Disease
 • Swelling stimulates joint nociceptors -> Pain
Most commonly affects ... the knee hip and ... > Stiffness is short-lived ... JointPain #Diagnosis #pathophysiology
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
monophasic Pathophysiology ... preferentially affects ... Diagnostic Criteria ... • Bilateral signs