40 results
Brudzinski’s Sign in Meningitis (first described in 19th century by Dr. Josef Brudzinski)

Brudzinski's sign is characterized
flexion of the knees ... While the pathophysiology ... for the hip/knee ... is that hip and knee ... despite severe disease
Characteristic clinical manifestations of Down syndrome 
 
Typical craniofacial appearance 
 • Round face and flat
• Brushfield spots ... iris (pigmented spots ... Congenital heart defects ... • Hirschsprung disease ... PhysicalExam #Features #Signs
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
Pott's Disease in ... cases Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... #Disease #Tuberculosis
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
arrhythmias, congenital defects ... -> Cherry-red spot ... Occlusion #CRAO #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Ankylosing Spondylitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical findings
 • Pain in lumbar area and gluteal region: (Dull, insidious
more constant as disease ... most commonly the knees ... AnkylosingSpondylitis #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs
Xeropthalmia: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations

Decr Visual pigment -> Keratinization, thickening & non-wetting of the conjunctiva
conjunctiva) • Bitot's spots ... #Xeropthalmia #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Orbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Chemosis: Edema of the bulbar conjunctiva
b. Panopthalmitis: inflammation of all
Afferent pupillary defect ... Orbital #Cellulitis #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Distinguishing between Inflammatory and Degenerative joint disease
Inflammatory Joint Disease
 • Swelling stimulates joint nociceptors -> Pain
Degenerative joint disease ... Most commonly affects ... the knee hip and ... > Stiffness is short-lived ... JointPain #Diagnosis #pathophysiology
Features of a Sickle Cell Crisis 
Sickle-cell disease - an autosomal recessive blood disorder.
Characterized by red
Sickle-cell disease ... Sickle cell disease ... almost exclusively affects ... The underlying pathophysiology ... Crisis #Features #Signs
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
• The disease ... damage & blindness Signs ... • Visual field defects ... ClosedAngle #Glaucoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology