11 results
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... Glomerulonephritis / Vasculits ... syndrome: troponin ... #causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... hematuria • Signs ... Diagnostic of GN or vasculitis ... #urology #nephrology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
of bladder and rectal ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk #orthopedics ... #neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... disc herniation (central ... lumbar spine Signs ... #MSK #pathophysiology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
hypertension and signs ... heart failure, neurologic ... bruit or signs ... Coarctation of aorta, Vasculitis ... Neurologic disorders
IgA Vasculitis – Henoch Scholein Purpura: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 - Infectious Agents - 50% have
IgA Vasculitis – ... periumbilical region), nausea ... nephrotic/nephritic syndrome ... HenochScholeinPurpura #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
purpura: Strong sign ... affects the skin, neurologic ... cognitive impairment, neurologic ... tract, and often causes ... • Cogan syndrome
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... , and possibly renal ... anterior/posterior MSK ... • Heerfordt syndrome ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Hypocomplementemia • Can cause ... ) • Cutaneous vasculitis ... : 2% Systemic Vasculitis ... phenomenon (16%) MSK ... lubricants • Pharmacologic
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
monophasic Pathophysiology ... • Bilateral signs ... • Infectious causes ... - Sjogren - Vasculitis ... diagnosis #management #neurology