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Abnormal Jugular Venous Pressure Waveforms - Differential Diagnosis
 - Absent a wave - Atrial fibrillation, sinus
atrial myxoma, pulmonary ... - Prominent x descent ... myxoma - Rapid y descent ... defect - Absent y descent ... #PhysicalExam #cardiology
Acute Mountain Sickness 
Low partial pressure of oxygen at high altitude 
• Stop ascent 
• Supportive
altitude • Stop ascent ... hyperbaric chamber • Descent ... Signs #Diagnosis #Management
Campbell’s sign or Tracheal Descent in Longstanding COPD

Patients with longstanding COPD may show downward displacement of
sign or Tracheal Descent ... sign #Tracheal #Descent ... #physicalexam #pulmonary
Tracheal Descent Sign

Paradoxical inward movement of the trachea during inspiration. Seen in this COPD patient in
Tracheal Descent ... #Tracheal #Descent ... #respiratory #pulmonary
Jugular Waveform Components 
 • a wave - due to atrial contraction: It occurs just before
• x descent - ... • x descent - ... • y descent - ... Thus the y descent ... #PhysicalExam #cardiology
CT Lung Signs in Pulmonary Diseases - One Page Summary of Pulmonary Signs
 - Air Crescent
Lung Signs in Pulmonary ... Page Summary of Pulmonary ... Signs - Air Crescent ... #Lung #Signs #Pulmonary ... #differential #radiology
Abnormal Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Algorithm
Outward Wave / Peak
 • With Every Beat
Concordant with S1 - X-Descent ... Discordant with S1 - Y-Descent ... Algorithm #diagnosis #cardiology
Right Heart Catheterization Cheat Sheet: Interpretation of Pressures and Waveforms 
Direct measurements
 ● Central venous pressure
pressure (PAp) ● Pulmonary ... – CVP]/CO) ● Pulmonary ... systole ● x descent ... ● y descent: ... CheatSheet #Waveforms #Cardiology
RA/CVP Waveform Interpretation

Central venous pressure (CVP) or right atrial pressure (RAP) waveform tracings can often times
waves and two descents ... blunting of ‘x’ descent ... with TR - ‘x’ descent ... - ‘y’ descent ... Interpretation #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
• At least 3 different P wave morphologies: 
• Rate 100-180
• Irregular 
Etiology
• Hypoxia • Pulmonary ... hypertension Management ... Tachycardia #MAT #Cardiology ... Diagnosis #ECG #EKG #Management