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differential nephrology hyperkalemia high hypomagnesemia metabolic acidosis addisons algorithm alkalosis aniongap classification disease drugs endocrinology hypokalemia hypomg insufficiency k low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... syndrome, Congenital adrenal ... #nephrology #potassium
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Lung cancer • Renal ... Hypoparathyroidism - Type 1 diabetes ... Serum DHEAS Diagnosis ... Check sodium, potassium ... endocrinology #diagnosis
Causes of Hypomagnesemia Redistribution: - IV glucose - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis - IV hyperalimentation - Refeeding
Correction of diabetic ... (steatorrhea) Renal ... osmotic diuresis - Potassium ... Tubulointerstitial renal ... #diagnosis #differential
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
(Uncontrolled diabetes ... resistance Impaired Renal ... deficiency • Renal ... Type IV RTA • Renal ... #causes #potassium
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... oxoproline) • Renal ... Renal acidosis ... hyperkalemia (with renal ... Potassium-sparing
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Correction of diabetic ... steatorrhea) • Renal ... osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... Tubulointerstitial renal ... #differential #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
(Uncontrolled diabetes ... resistance Impaired Renal ... deficiency • Renal ... Type IV RTA • Renal ... #causes #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... diuretics after renal ... of congenital adrenal ... generally indicates a renal ... other • Severe potassium
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Renal resistance ... Advanced renal insufficiency ... End-stage renal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #High #Potassium
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
post-hypothermia • ↓ Renal ... Excretion: - Renal ... 15 suggests ↓ renal ... only if no clear cause ... Management #Treatment #potassium
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