39 results
"Eight I's" mnemonic for the main causes of hyperglycemia. #hhs #dka #ketoacidosis #diabetes #diabetic #em #differential
mnemonic for the main causes ... #hhs #dka #ketoacidosis ... #diabetes #diabetic
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA:
1. Serum glucose >250 mg/dL
2. Arterial pH <7.3
3. Serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L
4. At least
cases occur in ... patients with type 2 diabetes ... have new-onset diabetes ... previously established diabetes ... are Euglycemic Diabetic
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Symptoms:
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Vomiting
• Weight loss
•
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... (DKA) - Diagnosis ... Abdominal pain • Nausea ... , and death DKA ... #Diabetic #Ketoacidosis
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
hyperglycemic crises ... patients with diabetes ... symptoms of HHS/DKA ... , hypotension) DKA ... #EM #IM #Endo #DKA
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Symptoms:
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Vomiting
• Weight loss
•
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... (DKA) - Diagnosis ... Abdominal pain • Nausea ... , and death DKA ... #Diabetic #Ketoacidosis
Ketosis Disorders
Ketone bodies are a normal metabolic energy source. Excessive unregulated production of ketones, often accompanied
Diabetic ketoacidosis ... (DKA) - caused ... • Euglycemic DKA ... Glucosuria causes ... • DKA/HHS Overlap
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... (DKA) - Pathogenesis ... Findings • Note: in DKA ... out of cells may cause ... endocrinology #diabetes
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
a mass as the cause ... • Ischemia • Diabetes ... • Ischemia • Diabetes ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Tethered Retinal Detachment on Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS)

Retinal detachments are tethered at optic nerve and
Point of Care Ultrasound ... at the macula (aka ... POCUS #Ocular #Ultrasound ... #Ophthalmology
Cotton Wool Spots

Caused by microinfarcts. Exploded ganglion cell axons extrude their axoplasm into retina. Long DDx:
Wool Spots Caused ... hypertension, diabetes ... Spots #fundoscopy #ophthalmology