33 results
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Diagnosis and Screening ... disease - Renal ... of renal disease ... - Renal Duplex ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is classified into pre-renal, renal, and post-renal causes. Renal
classified into pre-renal ... , renal, and post-renal ... Renal causes of ... interstitial disease ... #Diagnosis #AKI
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... suggest intrinsic renal ... disease - Timing ... #EM #IM #Urology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Renal Causes ... thrombosis • Renal ... TURP/Biopsy Renal ... #Diagnosis #causes ... #renal #urine #
Plain radiography of the abdomen revealed calcification of both adrenal glands. A homozygous mutation in LIPA
confirmed the diagnosis ... gut, which causes ... #clincial #peds ... NEJM #Wolmans #radiology ... #xray
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Differential Diagnosis ... and Evaluation ... cardiac, liver, renal ... disease), drug ... #EM #IM #Nephro
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute ... ) - Prerenal, Renal ... PRE-RENAL Impaired ... Vascular occlusion RENAL ... Infection POST-RENAL
Primary and Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary (Essential) (95%) - Onset between age
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Medications - Renal ... • Renal parenchymal ... bilateral renal
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
protein/Cr - Renal ... - 45% - Pre-renal ... disease — 21% ... pre-renal) - ... #Causes #Differential
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Chorioretinitis • Diagnosis ... Compatible syndrome + MRI ... Lesions #Brain #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology