7 results
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
to Hypotonic Hyponatremia ... normal volume-based algorithm ... syndrome) • ADH ... #Hypotonic #Hyponatremia ... #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... syndrome - ... polydipsia, Low ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
• Hypovolemia: Diuretics ... Syndrome, Chronic ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... : Emesis, Diuretics ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Algorithm Cl- ... • Normal/low ... and potassium acid ... #nephrology #differential ... #diagnosis
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... • Diagnosis of ... syndromeHyponatremia ... • Hypercalcemia ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
radiocontrast, hypertonic ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #High #Potassium ... #Classification