9 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosisKidney ... use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... (renal potassium ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Alkalosis - Elevated ... Renin Urine Testing ... #Syndrome #Diagnosis ... #Workup #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
↓ Aldosterone: Syndrome ... excess, Liddle's syndrome ... syndrome, Gitelman ... syndrome - ... potassium #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Alkalosis: Differential ... Severe Cushing syndrome ... syndrome (defective ... #Alkalosis #Differential ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... and nephrotic syndrome ... and nephrotic syndrome ... #Renal #Excretion ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
iniury, Compartment syndrome ... , Heat stroke, Metabolic ... Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ... Monitor potassium ... Loop diuretics for
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... Heat stroke - Metabolic ... Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ... or compartment syndrome ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
classes, including a diuretic ... and metabolic alkalosis ... Hypercalcemia, Cushing's syndrome ... White-coat syndrome ... Guillain-Barre Syndrome