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differential causes hypokalemia management algorithm hyperkalemia acidosis high low syndrome treatment alkalosis aniongap encephalopathy gitelman k kidney nagma nonaniongap nongap
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... suggests extra-renal ... , Distal RTA, DKA ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... Proximal and distal RTA ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup NAGMA - Chem, ABG or VBG - Calculate Anion
- Differential Diagnosis ... Framework and Workup ... Tubular Acidosis ... NonAnionGap #Acidosis #Metabolic ... #Workup #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm Acidosis - RTA - Diarrhea pH Normal 1. Decreased Mg 2. Intracellular Shift
Acidosis - RTA ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Renal artery stenosis ... #Causes #Workup ... #Nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Potassium-sparing ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
- Differential Diagnosis ... infusions) - Metabolic ... SLE • Type IV RTA ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Recent IV potassium ... infusions) - Metabolic ... SLE • Type IV RTA ... #high #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... diuretics after renal ... tubule diuretic ... other • Severe potassium ... #Causes #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
potassium wasting ... tubular acidosis ... (RTA)) • Refeeding ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... Heat stroke - Metabolic ... tubular obstruction ... Monitor potassium ... causes #treatment #nephrology
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