3518 results
Alkaptonuria (Black Urine Disease)
Urine turns dark when left standing due to oxidation of homogentisic acid 
Clinical
intervertebral discs ... Management ... Pediatrics #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Disc Herniations - Pathogenesis and Complications
• 90% of Lumbar disc herniations happen at L4/5 and L5/S1
•
Disc Herniations ... 90% of Lumbar disc ... 60% of cervical disc ... the vertebral disc ... complications #msk #pathophysiology
Papilledema vs Normal Optic Disc

Blurred vs sharp optic disc margins

#Papilledema #OpticDisc #Normal #Comparison #Fundoscopy #Ophthalmology #Clinical
vs Normal Optic Disc ... vs sharp optic disc
Lumbar spine reporting - Nomenclature
Bulge (>25% disc circumference)
  - Symmetric (Circumferential) 
  - Asymmetric
Nomenclature Bulge (>25% disc ... Herniation (<25% disc ... Spine #Reporting #Disc
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Ischemia of optic disc ... swelling and blurred disc ... Leakage of optic disc ... hemorrhage and disc ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology
Pathological Optic Disc Cupping

Note cup-to-disc ratio at least 0.8 (physiologic limit of 0.5).

Thinning of optic disc
Pathological Optic Disc ... Note cup-to-disc ... Thinning of optic disc ... so that optic disc
CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER INSERTION - Materials/Supplies Checklist

Also Consider:
 - Ultrasound + Probe Cover
 - Patient Drapes
Antimicrobial Disc ... - Tegaderm #Management
Posterior Vitreous Detachment: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Separation of the cortical vitreous from the neurosensory retina posterior
except at the optic disc ... Vitreous #Detachment #pathophysiology
Classic signs of arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or giant cell arteritis are mild arterial narrowing
and chalky white disc ... arteritis #photo #disc
Optic Disc Edema

The optic disc is elevated and its surface is covered by cotton wool spots
Optic Disc Edema ... The optic disc