13 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Urinary Losses - Diuretics ... and 2, but not type ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... • Euvolemic (Low ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Acid Base and Blood Gas Analysis
1. pH - What’s the primary disturbance?
2. pCO2 - What’s the
D - Diarrhea/diuretics ... MD @nickmmark #acidbase ... #workup #algorithm
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic diuresis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Classification
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... (AKI, Post-AKI diuresis ... Primary polydipsia), Low ... differential #diagnosis #table
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Aldosterone, RTA Type ... reabsorption) Workup ... Elimination (see Table ... acidosis) • Low ... Slow - don’t delay
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
mental status and low ... augment forward flow ... excreted using diuretics ... #differential #algorithm ... cardiology #treatment #table
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
event, follow ACC algorithm ... Stable patients ... Risk Stratify Type ... Orthopedic • Low ... What is the type
Increased Airway Pressure - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Using these steps from start to end should
Increase fresh gas flow ... replaced or its type ... bronchodilator; PEEP; diuretic ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup